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Cocaine Wikipedia. Cocaine. Clinical data. Synonyms. Benzoylmethylecgonine, coke. AHFSDrugs. com. Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information. Pregnancycategory. US C Risk not ruled outDependenceliability. Addictionliability. High3Routes ofadministration. Air Transporter 2 Game' title='Air Transporter 2 Game' />Topical, oral, insufflation, intravenous. Drug class. ATC code. Legal status. Legal status. Pharmacokinetic data. Bioavailability. Metabolismliver. Ageia Drivers Html. CYP3. A4. Onset of actionseconds to minutes9Biological half life. Duration of action. Excretion. Kidney. Identifiers. Methyl 1. R,2. R,3. S,5. S 3 benzoyloxy 8 methyl 8 azabicyclo3. CAS Number. Pub. Chem. CIDIUPHARBPSDrug. Bank. Chem. Spider. UNIIKEGGCh. EBICh. EMBLPDBligand. ECHA Info. Card. 10. 0. 0. 00. Chemical and physical data. Formula. C1. 7H2. NO4. Molar mass. 30. D model JSmolMelting point. C 2. 08 FBoiling point. C 3. 69 FSolubility in water1. L 2. 0 CCN1CH2. CCCH1CHCOCOCHOCC3CCCCC3OC2. In. Ch. I1. SC1. H2. NO4c. 1 1. H,8 1. H2,1 2. H3t. 12 ,1. YKey ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ LJISPDSOSA N YSee also data page NY what is this  verifyCocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug. It is commonly snorted, inhaled as smoke, or as a solution injected into a vein. Mental effects may include loss of contact with reality, an intense feeling of happiness, or agitation. Physical symptoms may include a fast heart rate, sweating, and large pupils. High doses can result in very high blood pressure or body temperature. Effects begin within seconds to minutes of use and last between five and ninety minutes. Cocaine has a small number of accepted medical uses such as numbing and decreasing bleeding during nasal surgery. Cocaine is addictive due to its effect on the reward pathway in the brain. After a short period of use, there is a high risk that dependence will occur. Its use also increases the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, lung problems in those who smoke it, blood infections, and sudden cardiac death. Cocaine sold on the street is commonly mixed with local anesthetics, cornstarch, quinine, or sugar, which can result in additional toxicity. Following repeated doses a person may have decreased ability to feel pleasure and be very physically tired. Cocaine acts by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. This results in greater concentrations of these three neurotransmitters in the brain. It can easily cross the bloodbrain barrier and may lead to the breakdown of the barrier. Audio Driver. Cocaine is a naturally occurring substance found in the coca plant which are mostly grown in South America. In 2. It is estimated that the illegal market for cocaine is 1. USD each year. 1. With further processing crack cocaine can be produced from cocaine. After cannabis, cocaine is the most frequently used illegal drug globally. Between 1. 4 and 2. Use is highest in North America followed by Europe and South America. Between one and three percent of people in the developed world have used cocaine at some point in their life. In 2. 01. 3 cocaine use directly resulted in 4,3. The leaves of the coca plant have been used by Peruvians since ancient times. Cocaine was first isolated from the leaves in 1. Since 1. 96. 1 the international Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs has required countries to make recreational use of cocaine a crime. Uses. Medical. Topical cocaine can be used as a local numbing agent to help with painful procedures in the mouth or nose. TAC is one such formulation used for pediatrics. Cocaine is now predominantly used for nasal and lacrimal duct surgery. The major disadvantages of this use are cocaines potential for cardiovascular toxicity, glaucoma, and pupil dilation. Medicinal use of cocaine has decreased as other synthetic local anesthetics such as benzocaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and tetracaine are now used more often. If vasoconstriction is desired for a procedure as it reduces bleeding, the anesthetic is combined with a vasoconstrictor such as phenylephrine or epinephrine. Some ENT specialists occasionally use cocaine within the practice when performing procedures such as nasal cauterization. In this scenario dissolved cocaine is soaked into a ball of cotton wool, which is placed in the nostril for the 1. Even when used this way, some of the used cocaine may be absorbed through oral or nasal mucosa and give systemic effects. Cod Ghosts Crack Only. An alternative method of administration for ENT surgery is mixed with adrenaline and sodium bicarbonate, as Moffetts solution. Recreational. Cocaine is a powerful nervous system stimulant. Its effects can last from fifteen or thirty minutes to an hour. The duration of cocaines effects depends on the amount taken and the route of administration. Cocaine can be in the form of fine white powder, bitter to the taste. When inhaled or injected, it causes a numbing effect. Crack cocaine is a smokeable form of cocaine made into small rocks by processing cocaine with sodium bicarbonate baking soda and water. Crack cocaine is referred to as crack because of the crackling sounds it makes when heated. Cocaine use leads to increases in alertness, feelings of well being and euphoria, increased energy and motor activity, and increased feelings of competence and sexuality. Oral. A spoon containing baking soda, cocaine, and a small amount of water. Used in a poor mans crack cocaine production. Many users rub the powder along the gum line, or onto a cigarette filter which is then smoked, which numbs the gums and teeth hence the colloquial names of numbies, gummers, or cocoa puffs for this type of administration. This is mostly done with the small amounts of cocaine remaining on a surface after insufflation snorting. Another oral method is to wrap up some cocaine in rolling paper and swallow parachute it. Coca leaves. Coca leaves are typically mixed with an alkaline substance such as lime and chewed into a wad that is retained in the mouth between gum and cheek much the same as chewing tobacco is chewed and sucked of its juices. The juices are absorbed slowly by the mucous membrane of the inner cheek and by the gastrointestinal tract when swallowed. Alternatively, coca leaves can be infused in liquid and consumed like tea. Ingesting coca leaves generally is an inefficient means of administering cocaine. Because cocaine is hydrolyzed and rendered inactive in the acidic stomach, it is not readily absorbed when ingested alone. Only when mixed with a highly alkaline substance such as lime can it be absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach. The efficiency of absorption of orally administered cocaine is limited by two additional factors. First, the drug is partly catabolized by the liver. Second, capillaries in the mouth and esophagus constrict after contact with the drug, reducing the surface area over which the drug can be absorbed. Nevertheless, cocaine metabolites can be detected in the urine of subjects that have sipped even one cup of coca leaf infusion. Orally administered cocaine takes approximately 3. Typically, only a third of an oral dose is absorbed, although absorption has been shown to reach 6. Given the slow rate of absorption, maximum physiological and psychotropic effects are attained approximately 6. While the onset of these effects is slow, the effects are sustained for approximately 6.